Learning Cardiology

Q. Contraindications of IABP? A. Aortic dissection B. Abdominal aortic aneurysm C. Significant aortic regurgitation D. Severe peripheral vascular disease E. All of the above Answer: E. All of the above

Q. Bovine arch refers to? A. Common origin of brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery B. Common origin of left and right common carotid artery C. Separate origin of right subclavian and common carotid artery D. Anomalous origin of left subclavian artery from pulmonary artery Answer:  A.   Common   origin of brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery Explanation:  Bovine arch refers to common origin of brachiocephalic artery and left common carotid artery from the aortic arch. It is most common variation of aortic arch seen in human beings.  Bovine arch (BA) term is a  misnomer because it does not actually re fl ect the arch branching pattern found in cattle (a single common brachiocephalic trunk that gives rise to all head and upper extremity vessels is seen in cattles.) Reference: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322451190_Prevalence_of_Bovine_Aortic_Arch_Variant_in_Patients_with_Aortic_Dissection_and_its_Implications_in_the_Outcome

Q. Calcium sign is seen in? A. Aortic aneurysm B. Aortic dissection C. Rheumatic heart disease D. Constrictive pericarditis Answer: B. Aortic dissection Explanation: The calcium sign is defined as the separation of the intimal calcification from the outer aortic soft tissue border by more than 10 mm . It is a specific chest radiographic finding of aortic dissection. It is more commonly seen in descending aortic dissection than aortic arch dissections.