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MCQ 45: Number needed to treat

Q. A trial assessed a statin tablet compared to placebo for stroke prevention over 1 year. There were 10% of patients developing stroke in the group taking a tablet and 20% in the carotid endarterectomy group developing a stroke over the 1 year.What is the number needed to treat over 1 year to prevent 1 death?  
Options:
A.1
B. 10
C. 100
D.1000

 Answer: B. 10

 Explanation:

 Number needed to treat (NNT) is defined as number of patients being given treatment for prevention of one death.

 Number need to treat: 1/Absolute risk reduction

 Stroke in patients taking tablet: 10%= 0.1
Stroke in patients undergoing endarterectomy: 20%= 0.2
Absolute risk reduction: 0.2-0.1= 0.1
So, Number needed to treat to save one life: 1/0.1= 10  
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